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Možné to je pomocí system.xml(DOM) nebo system.xml.linq(Linq to XML)

system.xml

Imports System.Xml

Module Module1

    Sub Main()

        Dim xmlDoc As New XmlDocument
        xmlDoc.Load(My.Application.Info.DirectoryPath & "\XmlFile1.xml")

        Dim nl As XmlNodeList = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("/otazky/otazka")

        'Pokud Vás zajímá počet nodů otázka
        Dim pocet As Integer = nl.Count
        Console.WriteLine("Počet otázek = " & pocet.ToString)

        'Pokud Vás zajímá nejvyšší Id otázky
        pocet = 0
        For Each n As XmlNode In nl
            Dim atrId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(n.Attributes("id").InnerText)
            If atrId > pocet Then pocet = atrId
        Next
        Console.WriteLine("Nejvyšší Id = " & pocet.ToString)

        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub

End Module

System.xml.linq

Imports System.Xml.Linq

Module Module1

    Sub Main()

        Dim xDoc As XDocument = _
            XDocument.Load(My.Application.Info.DirectoryPath & "\XmlFile1.xml")

        Dim query As IEnumerable(Of XElement) = From o In xDoc.<otazky>.<otazka> _
                                                Order By o.@id Ascending _
                                                Select o
        'Počet otazka v otazky
        Dim pocet As Integer = query.Count
        Console.WriteLine("Počet otázek = " & pocet.ToString)

        pocet = 0
        'Nejvyšší Id
        For Each xe As XElement In query
            Dim atrId As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(xe.@id)
            If atrId > pocet Then pocet = atrId
        Next
        Console.WriteLine("Nejvyšší Id = " & pocet.ToString)

        Console.ReadKey()
    End Sub
End Module